/səbˈstæn.tɪv əˈfɛns/ – Phrase
Definition: Hành vi phạm tội.
A more thorough explanation: a criminal offence that has actually been committed, rather than one that is being planned, or has been planned, but not yet committed
Example: Pinkerton v. United States held that a defendant could be held liable for a substantive offence committed by a co-conspirator as long as the offence occurred within the course of the conspiracy.