/ˈsuːə ˈspɒnti/ – adjective
Definition: Tự ý, tự chủ.
A more thorough explanation: describes an order (=an authoritative command issued by a judge or court directing that something be done or that some act should stop being done or be prevented from being done) issued by a judge on his or her own initiative, without being requested to do so by a party (=a person involved in a lawsuit) to the case
Example: The notion that federal court judges have at least some power to act sua sponte seems beyond dispute.