/ˌpiːnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ – adjective
Definition: thuộc hình phạt học.
A more thorough explanation: Penological refers to matters related to the study or practice of the punishment and rehabilitation of criminals within the criminal justice system. It pertains to the theories and methods used in the correctional system to address and prevent criminal behavior.
Example: The penological approach to sentencing aims to balance punishment with rehabilitation in order to reduce recidivism rates.