/ɛks poʊst ˈfæktoʊ klɔz/ – Phrase
Definition: Điểm không cho phép ban hành những đạo luật hình sự có hiệu lực hồi tố (điểm 3 chương 9 điều khoản I hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ)
A more thorough explanation: An ex post facto clause is a legal provision that prohibits the enactment of laws that retroactively criminalize conduct that was not illegal at the time it occurred, or that increase the punishment for an offense after it has been committed. This type of clause is typically found in constitutional provisions or statutes to protect individuals from being punished for actions that were not considered illegal at the time they were committed.
Example: The ex post facto clause in the Constitution prohibits Congress from passing any ex post facto laws, which would retroactively criminalize conduct that was legal when it occurred.