/kəˈlætərəl ˈɛstəpəl/ – Phrase
Definition: phán quyết trước kia của tòa án, tình tiết đã được xác định trước kia trong một vụ án khác.
A more thorough explanation: Collateral estoppel, also known as issue preclusion, is a legal doctrine that prevents a party from relitigating an issue that has already been decided in a prior lawsuit. This doctrine applies when the same issue was actually litigated and determined in the prior case, and the party against whom collateral estoppel is being asserted had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the prior case.
Example: In the case of Smith v. Jones, the court applied collateral estoppel to prevent the defendant from relitigating the issue of liability, as it had already been decided in a previous lawsuit involving the same parties.