/ˈtraɪəl baɪ ˈrɛkərd/ – Phrase
Definition: việc thụ lý vụ tranh cãi về trường hợp có hay không có phán quyết của tòa án hay một văn bản khác của nhà nước.
A more thorough explanation: Trial by record is a legal term that refers to a method of trial where the court decides a case based on the written record of a previous trial, rather than conducting a new trial with live testimony and evidence. This typically occurs when an appeal is made and the appellate court reviews the record of the original trial to make a decision.
Example: In the case of Smith v. Jones, the defendant requested a trial by record, where the court would review the transcript of the previous proceedings rather than holding a new trial.